3D bioprinted organ‐on‐chips

Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) platforms recapitulate human in vivo-like conditions more realistically compared to many animal models and conventional two-dimensional cell cultures. OOC setups benefit from continuous perfusion of cultures through microfluidic channels, which promotes viability activities. Moreover, chips allow the integration biosensors for real-time monitoring analysis interactions responses administered drugs. Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting enables fabrication multicell with sophisticated 3D structures that closely mimic tissues. 3D-bioprinted are promising tools understanding functions organs, disruptive influences diseases on organ functionality, screening efficacy as well toxicity drugs organs. Here, common techniques, advantages, limitations each method reviewed. Additionally, recent advances, applications, potentials emulating various organs presented. Last, current challenges future perspectives discussed.